СТРУКТУРНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ МОНОСИЛЛАБОВ Г В ДРЕВНЕТЮРКСКИХ НАДПИСЯХ И СОВРЕМЕННЫХ КЫПЧАКСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ
Digital object identifier
10.22162/2075-7794-2016-23-1-156-165
Аннотация
Хотя изучение проблемы корня слова является классической сферой с устоявшимися традициями и принципами, конкретными целями и задачами, природа односложных слов, которая формирует основу языка, не полностью раскрыта. Актуальность проблемы корня слова связана с многоступенчатостью и противоречивостью характера тюркских корней, который возникает с момента появления звука в языке. Б. М. Юнусалиев говорит об односложных формах: «...односложная корневая основа часто выглядит как волнообразное повторение процессов агглютинации», хотя развитие форм тюркских слов от простого к сложному является основной особенностью тюркских языков, некоторые преграды, такие как инверсия (сокращение, редукция, элизия и т. д.), из-за фонетических правил и их усложненности не позволяют определить природу корня [Юнусалиев 1959: 185]. В соответствии с принципом экономии фонетические явления — гаплология и редукция — порождают новую совместимость звука и новую фонологическую ситуацию. Это приводит к позиционному изменению звуков, их потере, появлению одного звука вместо двух, и в соответствии с принципом сохранения коммуникативной изоляции аккумуляция изменяющихся звуков будет поддерживать новое формирование фонетической системы. Изменения в фонетической системе могут влиять на односложные формы, а простые фонетические изменения — на фонологическую структуру в ходе семантического развития. Так как познание природы слов требует полного пересмотра формы и смысла, то в основе общей тюркской лексики с психофизиологическими процессами в соответствии с многосторонними принципами семасиологической системы лежит взаимосвязь семантического развития односложных форм как явления, напрямую связанного с человеческим сознанием и мировоззрением, что усложняет вопрос. Автор статьи предпринял попытку расширить характер и семантику структурных моделей Г моносиллабов в орхоно-енисейском, таласском и кыпчакском языках.
Полный текст:
156-165Литература
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Zayonchkovski А. On the structure of roots in Turkic languages: verb stems monosyllabic (one syllable) type C + V (consonant + vowel). Problems of Linguistics. 1961, no. 2, pp. 21–29 (In Russ.).
Zhalmakhanov Sh. Semantic derivation of Kazakh lexics. Karagandy, KarMU, 2003, 552 p. (In Kazakh).
Aidarov G. The language of Tonikuk monumant (VIII C.). Almaty: Kazakhstan, 2000, 120 p.
Ancient Turkic dialects and their reflection in the modern languages. Edited by I. A. Batmanov. Frunze: Ilim, 1971, 194 p. (in Russian).
Ancient Turkic dictionary. Edited by V. M. Nadelyaev, D. M. Nasilov, E. R. Tenishev, A. V. Scherbak. L.: Nauka, 1969. 676 p. (in Russian).
Baskakov N. A. Historical and typological morphology of Turkic Languages (structure of words and the mechanism of agglutination). Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1979, pp. 145–146 (In Russ.).
Baskakov N. A. Historical typological phonology of languages. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988, 207 p. (In Russ.).
Baskakov N. A. Introduction to the Study of Turkic Languages. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1969, p. 89 (In Russ.).
Baskakov N. A. Karakalpak language. Part. 1. Moscow, Publ. house of АS USSR, 1952, pp.101–105 (In Russ.).
Baskakov N. A. Preface by V. Kotvich. Studies of Altaic languages. Moscow, Publ. House of East Literature, 1962, p. 17 (In Russ.).
Ibatov A. Morphological structure of words. Almaty, Gylym Publ., 1983, p. 67 (In Russ.).
Kaidarov A. T. The structure of monosyllabic roots and stems in the Kazakh language. Alma-Ata, Nauka Publ., 1986, 323 p. (In Russ.).
Kazhybekov E. Z. The meaning of the Turkic word. Interlevel conjugacy problem. ADD. Alma-Ata, Til. Bilimi, 1988. 63 p. (In Russ.).
Kazhybekov E. Z. Verb-Noun correlation of homogeneous roots in the Turkic languages. Alma-Ata, Nauka Publ. 1986. 270 p. (In Russ.).
Khasenova А. Lexico-grammatical characteristics of the verb. Almaty, Gylym Publ., 1971, 306 p. (In Russ.).
Кononov A. N. Grammar of Turkic Runic inscriptions of the 7–9 centuries. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1980, 256 p. (In Russ.).
Kormushin I. V. Lexical-semantic development of qain Altaic languages. Turkic lexicology and lexicography. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971, pp. 10–18 (In Russ.).
Kuryshzhanov A. K. Research on lexis of Old Kipchak inscription of 12 c. Turkic-Arabian dictionary. Alma-Ata: Nauka Publ., 1970, 232 p. (in Russ.).
Levin G. G. Lexical-semantic parallels Orhon-Turkic and Yakut languages: in comparance with Altai, Hakass, Tuva languages. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2001, 190 p. (in Russian).
Makaev E. A. Problems of construction of comparative grammar and Turkic languages. Soviet Turkology, 1971, no. 2, pp. 20–28 (In Russ.).
Makhmud Kashgari. Devonu Lugot it turk. S. M. Mutalibov. Tashkent: Publ. House of АS UzSSR, 1961, vol. ІI, 427 p.
Mankeyeva Zh. A. Methods for the isolation of dead roots in the disyllabic verbs-imperatives. Problems of Turkic linguistics. Alma-Ata, Nauka Publ., 1985, p.50–62 (In Russ.).
Mankeyeva Zh. A. Morphological analysis of disyllabic verbs-imperatives in Kazakh. Problems of historical lexicology of Kazakh language. Almaty, Gylym Publ., 1988, pp. 61–75 (In Russ.).
Mankeyeva Zh. A. Reconstruction of the primary root verb stems of Kazakh language. Alma-Ata, Gylym Publ., 1991, 255 p. (In Russ.).
Sabir М. The interconnection of Middle Turkic and Kazakh language vocabulary (on the basis of 14 century written manuscripts). Almaty, Kazakh Univ., 2004 (In Kazakh).
Sagindikov B. Etymological basis of the development of Kazakh lexicology. Almaty, Sanat Publ., 1994, 166 p. (In Russ.).
Sagindikuli B. Arch root-language unit. Modern Turkology: theory, practice and objectives. The second International conference of Turkology, part I. Turkestan, Turan Publ., 2006, pp. 199–205 (In Kazakh).
Salkinbai A. Historic word-formation (semantic aspect). Almaty, Kazakh Univer., 1999, 340 p. (In Kazakh).
Sevortyan E. V. Etymological dictionary of Turkic languages. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1974, vol. I, 768 p. (in Russian).
Shaikhulov А. Altaic civilization and world view reflected in the Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu-Tungus languages (based on them on the monosyllabic root bases). Turkology, 2004, no. 5, pp. 92–100 (In Russ.).
Shaikhulov A. The problem of root words in Turkic languages. Turkology, 2004, no. 2, pp. 50–61 (In Russ.).
Shaikhulov А. The structure and ideographic paradigm of monosyllabic root bases in Kypchak languages of Ural-Volga region in the continuum of areal, Interturkic and all Turkic vocabulary: Synopsys and taxonomy of cognitive sphere “Nature (non-living and living)”. Ufa, BashGU, 2000, 392 p. (In Russ.).
Sherbak A. M. Comparative phonetics of Turkic languages. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1970, 201 p. (in Russian).
Tomanov M. Studying the history of language. Almaty, Gylym Publ., 2002, 614 p. (In Kazakh).
Yuldashev А. А. The system of word-formation in the conjugations of the verb in Bashkir language. Moscow, Publ. House of АS USSR, 1958, 195 p. (In Russ.).
Yunusaliev B. M. Kyrgyz lexicology: Development of root words. Part. І. Frunze, Publ. House of Kyrgyz State Educational and Pedagogical, 1959, 248 p. (In Russ.).
Zayonchkovski А. On the structure of roots in Turkic languages: verb stems monosyllabic (one syllable) type C + V (consonant + vowel). Problems of Linguistics. 1961, no. 2, pp. 21–29 (In Russ.).
Zhalmakhanov Sh. Semantic derivation of Kazakh lexics. Karagandy, KarMU, 2003, 552 p. (In Kazakh).
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