Автор

RUS

Бадугинова   М. В.

Калмыцкий институт гуманитарных исследований Российской академии наук

ENG

Baduginova   M.

Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Заглавие

RUS

ЭКСПЕДИЦИЯ П. Ю. БЕРЛИНА В КАЛМЫКИЮ (1925 г.) И ЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В РАЗВИТИИ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

ENG

P.Y. Berlin’s Expedition to Kalmykia in 1925 and its Significance for Developing the Republic’s Health Service

Аннотация

RUS

В 1925 г. на территории Калмыцкой автономной области под руководством П. Ю. Берлина работала научная экспедиция Наркомздрава. В течение нескольких месяцев ее участниками был собран значительный объем демографических, социальных, антропологических и других показателей, которые позволили установить причины сокращения численности калмыцкого народа. В статье, основанной на архивных материалах, значительная часть которых ранее не вводилась в научный оборот, рассмотрена деятельность экспедиции, выявлены основные проблемы в ее работе, определено значение в дальнейшем развитии региона.

ENG

In 1925, the scientific expedition of the People’s Commissariat for Healthcare under the guidance of P.Y.Berlin worked on the territory of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region. The warnings on the population reduction of the Kalmyks were periodically made by the officers and those enthusiastic doctors who worked selfl essly in the Kalmyk steppe, but the issue was seriously considered only after the Russian revolution when the Kalmyks got the right to solve their problems. The preliminary commission was sent to the Kalmyk region in order to evaluate the situation with the ethnic group. The conclusion was made that the Kalmyk population was in danger, and it was necessity to send another scientific expedition to explore the issue in details. Under the leadership of the Professor A.V. Molkov - the Director of the State Institute for Social Hygiene - the monitoring program, the plans and forms for investigating family and individual issues as well as housing conditions were worked out. During several months, the expedition members gathered considerable amount of demographical, social, anthropological and other data that helped to analyze the reasons for the Kalmyk population reduction. The researchers identified the underdeveloped economy as the main influence on the lack of the natural population increase. In 1928, the outcomes of the Scientific Expedition were published in the Digest «The Kalmyks. The Research on the Health Situation and Stamina». The article considers the archival material on P.Y.Berlin’s expedition much of which has not been used in the scientific research yet. The basic problems concerned with the field study have been identified and considered. Special attention has been paid to the role of the expedition in attracting attention to some political issues in the USSR.

Ключевые слова

история здравоохранения Калмыкии  ◆  экспедиция Наркомздрава  ◆  социальные болезни  ◆  демографическое исследование  ◆  history of healthcare in Kalmykia  ◆  the expedition of the People’s Commissariat for Healthcare  ◆  population deseases  ◆  demographic research