Автор 1

RUS

Дякиева   Б. Б.

Министерство образования и науки Республики Калмыкия

ENG

Dyakieva   B.

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Republic of Kalmykia; Professor of Kalmyk State University

Автор 2

RUS

Омакаева   Э. У.

Калмыцкий институт гуманитарных исследований РАН

ENG

Omakaeva   E.

Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Заглавие

RUS

КАЛМЫЦКИЙ ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ: ИЗУЧЕНИЕ В СИСТЕМЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ (на примере пословичных паремий)

ENG

Kalmyk Folklore Text: Teaching in the Education System (the case study of paroimia)

Аннотация

RUS

В статье на примере калмыцкого пословичного текста как основного паремийного жанра рассматриваются наиболее значимые проблемы, которые возникают в процессе изучения калмыцкого фольклора в научных и учебных целях. Дано определение пословицы как фольклорного высказывания с обобщенной семантикой. Показано, что многие аспекты нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении, требуют новых, принципиально иных подходов, что диктуется, в частности, и значительным расширением в последние годы источниковой базы фольклористических исследований, пересмотром некоторых установившихся методологических ориентиров.

ENG

In modern folklore studies the regional component is one of the most important and perspective directions. The surge in research of a phenomenon of folklore, folklore tradition, traditional culture of the Kalmyk people and the increase of the public interest in this field are observed in Kalmykia today, and it can be considered to be obvious. The oral folklore of the Kalmyks as verbal expression of the people’s wisdom transferred from generation to generation represents the unwritten code of rules of behavior, “strategy of the correct life”. Understanding the value of folklore and need for its preservation creates preconditions for upbringing of a socially and morally adequate person familiar with the customs, traditions and mentality of the people. The modern scientific paradigm is characterized by an integrative tendency for different disciplines development in line with humanitarian perspective. The sphere of folkloristic research within this tendency includes various issues concerned with a folklore text, in particular features of organization of its semantics. Folklore is known to be a research object of different sciences. Every science looks for something that interests it: for philologists the folklore is important as the art of words, the subject of their scientific research is a folklore text; ethnologists study folk customs and rites, ethnomusicologists deal with folk music, ethnochoreographers study national dances, specialists in drama investigate spectacular and game forms of folk art, art critics analyze national arts and crafts. In recent years, the tendency for integrated study of folklore, language, ceremonies and folk art as components unifying spiritual culture of the kalmyk people has become distinctly notable. The folklore demands a broader view on possible prospects of its research. Today, the availability of the necessary corpus of texts allows for developing its integrated and comprehensive study at different levels (textual, stylistic, etc.). In order to improve the efficiency of scholarly reseach and Kalmyk folklore teaching, in our view, it is important to identify current trends and tendencies in the research and teaching of this discipline, to defi ne the basic methods for field studies, collecting and systematizing folklore materials, to indicate the main principles of textual and publishing work, to evaluate the entire resources of the Kalmyk folklore and their role in creating a multicultural educational environment. The study of any folklore text should only be conducted with regard to its genre characteristics. The behavioral norms in the most explicit forms are embodied in paroimia (proverbs, omens and others). One of the key issues in paroimiology is the problem of defining proverbs. Under the proverb we understand an utterance with generalized semantics. The proverbial genre is characterized by two main pragmatic functions, namely modeling and instructive. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the importance of implementing heuristic and educational potential of Kalmyk folklore in the system of national education of the Republic of Kalmykia. The folklore is a means of communication and socialization, the basis for spiritual, moral and aesthetic development of a person shaping his\ her ethnic identity which requires the introduction of folklore components to the regional education system. The authors hope that the issues discussed in this article will contribute to developing the science-based principles of folklore study for training purposes.

Ключевые слова

калмыцкий фольклор  ◆  фольклористика  ◆  пословицы  ◆  жанр  ◆  фольклорный текст  ◆  обучение  ◆  региональная система образования  ◆  Kalmyk folklore  ◆  proverbs  ◆  genre  ◆  folklore text  ◆  training  ◆  regional education system