Автор 1

RUS

Очиров   У. Б.

Калмыцкий институт гуманитарных исследований РАН

ENG

Ochirov   U.

Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the RAS

Заглавие

RUS

ОСОБЕННОСТИ БОРЬБЫ С «ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИМ БАНДИТИЗМОМ» В КАЛМЫКИИ В ПЕРИОД ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ВОЙНЫ (1917-1920 гг.)

ENG

Peculiarities of the Fight against “Political Banditry” in Kalmykia during the Civil War (1917-1920)

Аннотация

RUS

Статья посвящена анализу особенностей борьбы советской власти с «политическим бандитизмом» на территории Калмыкии в период революции 1917 года и Гражданской войны. Автор приходит к выводу, что группы мятежников, ведущих борьбу с властями по политическим мотивам, появились лишь в период Гражданской войны, сражаясь в основном в интересах белых. С поражением белогвардейцев их деятельность пошла на убыль, и появление новой волны «бандповстанцев» связано уже с движением «зеленых».

ENG

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the Soviet authorities’ fight against the “political banditry” in Kalmykia during the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War. The author concludes that the rebel groups, fighting against the government due to political reasons, were not present in the territory of Kalmykia until 1917. There were only a few criminal groups, which were mainly engaged in cattle raiding. After the Revolution of 1917 and the outbreak of the Civil War the territory of Kalmykia became the scene of armed confrontation between the Red Army and the White Armed Forces. The geographical environment (wide steppes, low population density) determined active implementation of the tactics resembling the actions of cattle raiders: rush and sudden attacks of small flying cavalry columns. Besides, the core target of the bandpovstantsy (rebel groups) were not the troop units, but the administrative establishments and local authorities, and consequently their actions were limited to robbery and capture of food and property. After the White Army was defeated, the majority of the “troops” ceased hostility in exchange for amnesty, and the Rebel movement in Kalmykia was suppressed.

Ключевые слова

история Калмыкии  ◆  правоохранительные органы  ◆  Гражданская война  ◆  борьба с бандитизмом  ◆  History of Kalmykia  ◆  law enforcement authorities  ◆  the Civil War  ◆  fight against banditry