Автор 1

RUS

Согданова   З. Г.

Калмыцкий институт гуманитарных исследований РАН

ENG

Sogdanova   Z.

Kalmyk Institute for Humanities of the RAS

Заглавие

RUS

УЩЕРБ НАРОДНОМУ ХОЗЯЙСТВУ КАЛМЫЦКОЙ АССР, ПРИЧИНЕННЫЙ В ПЕРИОД НЕМЕЦКОЙ ОККУПАЦИИ

ENG

The Economic Damage Caused to the Kalmyk ASSR during the Nazi Occupation

Аннотация

RUS

В данной статье впервые введены в научный оборот документальные материалы, выявленные в фонде 7021 «Чрезвычайная государственная комиссия по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников и причиненного ими ущерба гражданам, коллективным хозяйствам (колхозам), общественным организациям, государственным предприятиям и учреждениям СССР (ЧГК)» Государственного Архива Российской Федерации. Автором рассматривается ущерб, причиненный народному хозяйству Калмыцкой АССР в период военных действий на ее территории в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Особое внимание уделяется политике и действиям немецких захватчиков по уничтожению народного хозяйства в оккупированных районах.

ENG

In the article, based on the materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the damage that was caused to the national economy of Kalmyk ASSR during the War is under consideration. It is not yet well-researched and has gaps in a knowledge of Kalmyk history during the War period. Therefore, eight uluses and the administrative capital of the Republic - city of Elista were occupied by the Nazi. Five of them, including Zapadnyi, Yashaltinsky, Priutnensky, Troitsky, Sarpinsky were completely occupied and three uluses such as Malo-Derbetovsky, Ketchenerovsky, Tchernozemelsky were partly occupied. Most devastating damage was caused to the capital of the Kalmyk ASSR - city of Elista. In the very first days the enemy began to establish the Nazi way of administrating at all levels of the occupied territory. In every area that was under their control, they created auxiliary services and police troops that were formed out of the local residents (local village elders). In a temporarily occupied territory aggressors did a massive crime, terroristic acts, abuse towards the local residents. Schools and clubs were turned into storages, military barracks and barns. These cases of abusing in Kalmykia were not just a single example of barbarism. The Nazi were following the plans and the instructions of their authorities. According to the plan, cities and villages were supposed to be destroyed deliberately. Alongside with the industrial sector, the hospitals, health resorts, schools, museums and other culturally and educationally important institutes and so as the living houses were under attack too. As a result of the research, tables that show the damage caused according to the fields of national economy in occupied uluses and in the city of Elista were compiled and the summary was done.

Ключевые слова

Великая Отечественная война  ◆  оккупация  ◆  улусы  ◆  ущерб  ◆  немецко-фашистские войска  ◆  народное хозяйство  ◆  the Great Patriotic War  ◆  occupation  ◆  uluses  ◆  damage  ◆  German fascist troops  ◆  national economy